Gongjin's Campaign Memorials
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Gongjin's Campaign Memorials
This is a list of all titles appointed to men and women during the Three Kingdoms period, as well as Later Han and Western Jin dynasties.

Military[]

  • běijūn zhōnghóu 北軍中侯 [Adjutant of the Northern Army]
  • biébù sīmǎ 别部司馬 [Senior Major (Major with a Separate Command)]
  • biéjià cóngshì 别駕從事 [Attendant Officer]
  • bùpīng 步兵 [Regiment of Footsoldiers]


  • cān jūnshì 参軍事 [Adviser to the Army]
  • cóngshì 從事 [Assistant Officer (Attendant Clerk)]


  • dà dūdū 大都督 [Grand Marshal]
  • dà jiāngjūn 大將軍 [Chief-General]
  • dà sīmǎ 大司馬 [Grand Marshal (Commander-in-Chief)]
  • 督 [Commander]
  • dūdū 都督 [Chief Controller]
  • duìshuài 隊率 [Lieutenant]
  • dūwèi 都尉 [Commandant]
    • fùjí dūwèi 鮒騎都尉 [Commandant of Attendant Cavalry (Chief Commandant)]
    • fèngjū dūwèi 奉車都尉 [Commandant of the Equipage (Chief Commandant; Commandant of Imperial Carriages)]
    • jí dūwèi 騎都尉 [Commandant of Cavalry (Chief Commandant)]
    • túnjí dūwèi 屯騎都尉 [Commandant of the Garrison Cavalry]


  • gōngcáo 功曹 [Officer of Merit (Officer of the Bureau; Department of Merit)]


  • hòu 候 [Captain]
  • hǔbēn 虎賁 [Rapid as Tigers (an imperial guards unit)]
  • hùjūn 護軍 [Protector of the Army]


  • jiàngbīng chǎngshǐ 將兵長史 [Chief Clerk in Command of Troops]
  • jiāngjūn 將軍 [General]
    • ānběi jiāngjūn 安北將軍 [General Who Gives Tranquility to the North]
    • āndōng jiāngjūn 安東將軍 [General Who Gives Tranquility to the East]
    • ānnán jiāngjūn 安南將軍 [General Who Gives Tranquility to the South]
    • ānxī jiāngjūn 安西將軍 [General Who Gives Tranquility to the West]
    • dù-Liáo jiāngjūn 度遼將軍 [General on the Liao (General Who Crosses the Liao River; General with Trans-Liao Command)
      • zuǒ dù-Liáo jiāngjūn 左度遼將軍 [General on the Liao on the Left]
    • fǔ-Hàn jiāngjūn 輔漢將軍 [General Who Supports the Han]
    • fǔguó jiāngjūn 輔國將軍 [General Who Supports the State]
    • hòu jiāngjūn 候將軍 [General of the Rear]
    • hùjūn jiāngjūn 護軍將軍 [General Protector of the Army]
    • jūjì jiāngjūn 車騎將軍 [General of Chariots and Cavalry]
    • lǐngjūn jiāngjūn 領軍將軍 [General Who Commands the Army]
    • pì jiàngjūn 裨將軍 [Major-General]
    • piān jiāngjūn 偏將軍 [Lieutenant-General]
    • piāojí jiāngjūn 驃騎將軍 [General of Agile Cavalry]
    • píngběi jiāngjūn 平北將軍 [General Who Pacifies the North]
    • píngdōng jiāngjūn 平東將軍 [General Who Pacifies the East]
    • píngnán jiāngjūn 平南將軍 [General Who Pacifies the South]
    • píngxī jiāngjūn 平西將軍 [General Who Pacifies the West]
    • pòlǔ jiāngjūn 破虜將軍 [General Who Smashes the Caitiffs]
    • qián jiāngjūn 前將軍 [General of the Van]
    • tǎonì jiāngjūn 討逆將軍 [General Who Exterminates Rebels]
    • xiàlì jiāngjūn 下厲將軍 [General Who Brings Down Severity]
    • wèi jiāngjūn 衛將軍 [General of the Guards (General of Defence)]
    • wǔwēi jiāngjūn 武威將軍 [General Who is Firm and Majestic]
    • yámén jiàngjūn 牙門將軍 [General of the Standard]
    • yòu jiāngjūn 右將軍 [General on the Right]
    • fúbō jiāngjūn 伏波將軍 [General Who Calms the Waves]
    • gēchuán jiāngjūn 戈船將軍 [General of the Pole-ax Ships]
    • lóuchuán jiāngjūn 樓船將軍 [General of the Towering Ships]
    • zhēngběi jiāngjūn 征北將軍 [General Who Subdues the North]
    • zhēngdōng jiāngjūn 征東將軍 [General Who Subdues the East]
    • zhēngnán jiāngjūn 征南將軍 [General Who Subdues the South]
    • zhēngxī jiāngjūn 征西將軍 [General Who Subdues the West]
    • zhèndōng jiāngjūn 鎮東將軍 [General Who Maintains the East in Peace]
    • zhènxī jiāngjūn 鎮西將軍 [General Who Maintains the West in Peace]
    • zhènyuǎn jiāngjūn 鎮遠將軍 [General Who Maintains Distant Lands in Peace]
    • zuǒ jiāngjūn 左將軍 [General on the Left]
  • jìlì 計吏 [Reporting Officer (Official in Charge of Accounts)]
  • jūn sīmǎ 軍司馬 [Major]


  • shénzhǎng 什長 [Sergeant]
  • sīmǎ 司馬 [Major]


  • wèi 尉 [county commandant]
  • wǔzhǎng 五長 [Corporal]


  • xiàowèi 校尉 [Colonel]
    • chéngmén xiàowèi 城門校尉 [Colonel of the City Gates]
    • diǎnjūn xiàowèi 典軍校尉 [Colonel Who Arranges the Army]
    • fù xiàowèi 副校尉 [Senior Colonel]
    • hù-Qiāng xiàowèi 護羌校尉 [Protector of the Qiang (Colonel Protecting the Qiang; Colonel Protector)]
    • hù-Wūhuán xiàowèi 護烏桓校尉 [Protector of the Wuhuan (Colonel Protecting the Wuhuan; Colonel Protector)]
    • shàngjūn xiàowèi 上軍校尉 [Colonel of the First Army]
    • sīlì xiàowèi 司隸校尉 [Director of Retainers (Colonel Director of Retainers; Colonel of International Security)]
    • tǎolǔ xiàowèi 討虜校尉 [Colonel Who Exterminates Caitiffs]
    • wùjǐ xiàowèi 戊己校尉 [Wu and Ji Colonels]
    • xiàjūn xiàowèi 下軍校尉 [Colonel of the Third Army]
    • yòujūn xiàowèi 右軍校尉 [Colonel of the Right]
    • zhōngjūn xiàowèi 中軍校尉 [Colonel of the Centre Army]
    • zhùjūn yòu xiàowèi 助軍右校尉 [Colonel of the Right Assisting the Army]
    • zhùjūn zuǒ xiàowèi 助軍左校尉 [Colonel of the Left Assisting the Army]
    • zuǒjūn xiàowèi 佐軍校尉 [Colonel of the Left]
  • xíng dù-Liáo jiāngjūn 行度遼將軍 [Acting General on the Liao]
  • xīyù dūhù 西域都護 [Protector-General of the Western Regions]


  • yuèjí 越騎 [Elite Cavalry Regiment (Picked Cavalry)]
  • yǔlín 羽林 [Feathered Forest (imperial guards unit)]


  • zhǎngshǐ 長史 [Chief Clerk]
  • zhōngláng jiāng 中郎將 [General of the Household]
    • běi zhōngláng jiāng 北中郎將 [General of the Household of the North]
    • dàngkòu zhōngláng jiāng 盪寇中郎將 [General of the Household Who Defeats Rebels]
    • hù-Wūhuán láng jiāng 護烏桓郎將 [General of the Household Protecting the Wuhuan]
    • hǔbēn zhōngláng jiāng 虎賁中郎將 [General of the Household Rapid as Tigers]
    • nán zhōngláng jiāng 南中郎將 [General of the Household of the South]
    • shǐ Xiōngnú zhōngláng jiāng 使匈奴中郎將 [Emissary to the Xiongnu (General of the Gentlemen of the Household in Charge of the Xiongnu]
    • shǐ zhíjié 使持節 [Emissary Bearing the Staff of Authority] [x 1]
    • wǔguān zhōngláng jiāng 五官中郎將 [General of the Household for All Purposes]
    • yòu zhōngláng jiāng 右中郎將 [General of the Household of the Right]
    • zuǒ zhōngláng jiāng 左中郎將 [General of the Household of the Left]
  • zhōngwèi 中尉 [Commandant of the Capital (Superintendent of the Capital)]

Political[]

  • Chǎnglè shǎofǔ 長樂少府 [Steward of the Changle Palace (Privy Treasurer)]
  • Chǎnglè tàipú 長樂太僕 [Coachman of the Changle Palace]
  • Chǎnglè wèiwèi 長樂衛尉 [Commandant of the Guards of the Changle Palace (Superintendent)]
  • cháotíng hóu 朝廷侯 [Marquis at Court]
    • guānnèi hóu 關內侯 [secondary marquis (Marquis Within the Passes or Marquis Within the Imperial Domain or Noble of the Interior or Lesser Marquis)]
    • shìcí hóu 侍祠侯 [Marquis Attending Sacrifices]
  • chéngxiàng 丞相 [Imperial Chancellor (Chancellor)]
  • chíxíng 弛刑 [convict with a commuted sentence]
  • cìshǐ 刺史 [Inspector]


  • dà chǎngqiū 大長秋 [Grand Prolonger of Autumn (Empress' chamberlain)]
  • dà jiāngjūn 大將軍 [General-in-Chief]
  • dà sīkōng 大司空 [Excellency of Works (Grand Excellency of Works)]
  • dà sītú 大司徒 [Excellency over the Masses (Grand Excellency over the Masses)]
  • dōutíng hóu 都亭侯 [Marquis of a Chief Village]
  • dàfū 大夫 [Counsellor]
  • dūyóu 都郵 [Investigator]


  • fèngcháo qǐng 奉朝請 [Servant at [the Spring and Autumn] Court]
  • 傅 [Tutor]
  • fújié lìng 符節令 [Prefect of Insignia and Credentials]


  • gōng 公 [Duke]
  • gōngjū sīmǎ lìng 公車司馬令 [Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages]
  • gōngzhǔ 公主 [Princess]
  • gōushùn lìng 鉤盾令 [Prefect of the Palace Gardens (Prefect Intendant of the Imperial Palace Gardens)]
  • guānglù dàfū 光祿大夫 [Household Counsellor (Imperial Household Grandee; Counsellor of the Palace)]


  • huángdì 皇帝 [Emperor]
  • huánghòu 皇后 [Empress]
  • huángmén lìng 黃門令 [Prefect of the Yellow Gates]
  • huángmén shìláng 黃門侍郎 [Gentleman at the Yellow Gates]
  • huáng tàihòu 皇太后 [Dowager (Empress-Dowager)]


  • jiāngzuò dàjiang 將作大匠 [Court Architect]
  • jiànyì dàfū 諫議大夫 [Counsellor Remonstrant]
  • jishì huángmén 給事黄門 [Serving within the Yellow Gates]
  • jishì zhōng 給事中 [Serving within the Palace]


  • lìng 令 [county magistrate]
    • Luòyáng lìng 洛陽令 [Prefect of Luoyang]
  • lìngshǐ 令史 [Foreman Clerk]
  • lù shàngshū shì 錄尚書事 [authority over the Imperial Secretariat]


  • mìshū jiān 祕書監 [Custodian of the Private Library]
  • 牧 [Governor]
  • néng zhíyán 能直言 [Capable of Speaking Directly]


  • púyè 僕射 [Supervisor or Deputy Director (in the Imperial Secretariat)]
  • qīng 卿 [Minister]
  • shàngshū 尚書 [Master of Writing] Wrote up and distributed imperial edicts.
  • shàngshū lìng 尚書令 [Director of the Imperial Secretariat]
  • shàngshū púyè 尚書僕射 [Deputy Director of the Secretariat]
  • shìyùshǐ 侍御史 [Imperial Clerk (Attending Secretary; Secretary in Attendance)]
  • shìzhōng 侍中 [Palace Attendant]
  • shǒulìng 守令 [brevet magistrate]
  • shǒuzhǎng 守長 [brevet magistrate]
  • shǔ 屬 [Junior Clerk in the office of an Excellency (Associate)]


  • tàifú 太傅 [Grand Tutor]
  • tàiguān lìng 太官令 [Court Provisioner (Prefect Grand Provisioner)]
  • tàishǐ lìng 太史令 [Court Astronomer (Prefect Grand Astrologer; Director of Astronomy)]
  • tàishǒu 太守 [Administrator (Grand Administrator, Prefect)]
    • chéng 丞 [Assistant]
  • tàiyī lìng 太醫令 [Court Physician (Prefect Grand Physician; Director of the Physicians-in-Chief)]
  • tàizhōng dàfū 太中大夫 [Palace Counsellor (Grand Palace Grandee; Grand Counsellor of the Palace)]
  • tàizǐ 太子 [Heir (Heir-Apparent)]
  • tàizǐ sherén 太子舎人 [Member of the Suite of the Heir]
  • 徒 [Convict]


  • wáng 王 [King (Prince)]
  • wèishì lìng 衛士令 [Prefect of the Guards]
  • wénxué 文學 [Literary Scholar/Education Officer]


  • xiāng 相 [Chancellor]
  • xiǎo huángmén 小黃門 [Attendant at the Yellow Gates (Junior Attendant at the Yellow Gates)]
  • xiàolián 孝廉 [Filial and Incorrupt (Filially Pious and Incorrupt)]


  • yèzhě 謁者 [Internuncio (Messenger)]
  • yèzhě púyè 謁者僕射 [Supervisor of the Internuncios]
  • yǐn 尹 [Intendant]
    • Hénán yǐn 河南尹 [Intendant of Henan (Governor)]
    • Jīngzhào yǐn 京兆尹 [Intendant of Jingzhao (Governor)]
  • yìtíng lìng 掖庭令 [Prefect of the Lateral Courts]
  • Yǒnglè shǎofǔ 永樂少府 [Steward of the Yongle Palace (Privy Treasurer)]
  • yǒudào 有道 [Knowing the Way]
  • yòufúfēng 右扶風 [Western Sustainer/Administrator of Youfufeng (Western Sustainer; Metropolitan Superintendent of the Right)]
  • yòuxiào lìng 右校令 [Prefect of the Enclosure of the Right]
  • yuàn 掾 [Senior Clerk in the Office of an Excellency (Division Head)]
  • yùshǐ dàfū 御史大夫 [Imperial Counsellor (Grandee Secretary; Imperial Clerk Grandee)]
  • yùshǐ zhōngchéng 御史中丞 [Assistant to the Imperial Counsellor]


  • zhǎng 長 [county magistrate (Chief)]
  • zhēng 正 [Director]
  • zhíjié 持節 [Bearing the Staff of Authority]
  • zhíjīnwú 執金吾 [Bearer of the Mace (Bearer of the Gilded Mace; Superintendent of the Capital)]
  • zhìshū shìyùshǐ 治書侍御史 [Imperial Clerk Preparer of Documents]
  • zhìzhōng cóngshì 治中從事 [Headquarters Officer (Attendant Clerk for the Bureau of Headquarters)]
  • zhōng chángshì 中常侍 [Regular Palace Attendant]
  • zhōng yèzhě 中謁者 [Palace Internuncio (Messenger)]
  • zhōng huángmén rǒngcóng púyè 中黃門宂從僕射 [Supervisor of the Retinue (Supervisor of the Extra Retinue of the Palace Attendants at the Yellow Gates)]
  • zhōnggōng huángmén rǒngcóng púyè 中宮黃門宂從僕射 [Supervisor of the Retinue of the Empress (Supervisor of the Extra Retinue of the Palace Attendants at the Yellow Gates)]
  • zhōngsàn dàfū 中散大夫 [Attendant Counsellor (Palace Attendant Grandee)]
  • zhōngwèi 中尉 [Commandant of the Capital (Superintendent of the Capital)]
  • zhōngzhèng 中正 [Impartial and Just]
  • zhǔbù 主簿 [Registrar (Master of Records)]
  • zhùzuò láng 著作郎 [Gentleman Editor]
    • zuǒ zhùzuò láng 佐著作郎 [Assistant Gentleman Editor]
  • zuǒxiào lìng 左校令 [Prefect of the Enclosure of the Left]

Three Excellencies[]

Sāngōng 三公 [Three Excellencies]

  • tàiwèi 太尉 [Grand Commandant]
  • sīkōng 司空 [Excellency of Works]
  • sītú 司徒 [Excellency over the Masses]

Nine Ministers[]

jiǔ qīng 九卿 [Nine Minister] Just below the Three Excellencies in rank.

  • dà hónglú 大鴻臚 [Minister Herald (Grand Herald, Superintendent of State Visits)]
  • dà sīnóng 大司農 [Minister of Finance]
  • guānglùxūn 光祿勳 [Minister of the Household (Superintendent of the Imperial Household; Superintendent of the Palace)]
  • shǎofǔ 少府 [Minister Steward (Privy Treasurer; Superintendent of the Lesser Treasury)]
  • tàicháng 太常 [Minister of Ceremonies (Grand Minister of Ceremonies; Superintendent of Ceremonial)]
  • tàipú 太僕 [Minister Coachman (Grand Coachman; Superintendent of Transport)]
  • tíngwèi 廷尉 [Minister of Justice (Commandant of Justice; Superintendent of Trials)]
  • wèiwèi 衛尉 [Minister of the Guards]
  • zōng zhèng 宗正 [Minister of the Imperial Clan (Director of the Imperial Clan; Superintendent)]

Women[]

  • cǎinǚ 采女 [Chosen Lady]
  • cáirén 才人 [Lady of Talent]
  • chǎng gōngzhǔ 長公主 [Senior Princess]
  • fūrén 夫人 [Senior Concubine]
  • gōngzhǔ 公主 [Princess]
  • guìrén 貴人 [Honoured Lady (Honourable Lady)]
  • guìpín 貴嬪 [Honoured Concubine]
  • huánghòu 皇后 [Empress]
  • huáng tàihòu 皇太后 [Dowager (Empress-Dowager)]
  • 姬 [Junior Concubine]
  • jūn 君 [Lady (with a fief)]
  • liángrén 良人 [Sweet Lady]
  • měirén 美人 [Beauty (Beautiful Lady)]
  • nǚ shàngshū 女尚書 [Mistress of Writing (Female Master of Writing)]
  • qiè 妾 [Concubine]
  • rónghuá 容華 [Elegant Lady]
  • tàifēi 太妃 [Consort Dowager]
  • tàihuáng tàihòu 太皇太后 [Grand Dowager (Grand Empress-Dowager)]
  • zhāohuá 昭華 [Lady of Bright Loveliness]
  • zhāoyí 昭儀 [Brilliant Companion]

Other[]

  • bóshì 博士 [Academician]
  • láng 郎 [Gentleman/Gentleman Cadet]
    • lángzhōng 郎中 [Gentleman of the Palace]
  • màocái 茂才 [Abundant Talent]
  • hóu 侯 [marquis (noble/nobility)]
  • jié 節 [Staff of Authority]
  • jìjiǔ 祭酒 [Libationer]
    • dōujiǎng jìjiǔ 都講祭酒 [Expositor and Libationer]
  • xiùcái 秀才 [Flourishing Talent]
  • yìláng 議郎 [Consultant]
  • wúshàng jiàngjūn 無上將軍 [General Supreme]

Unlisted[]

Currently unlisted titles, that (hopefully) one day will be placed upwards somewhere.

  • qīngshānglìng 清商令 [Director of Imperial Music Troupe]
    • qīngshāngchéng 清商丞 [Vice Director of Imperial Music Troupe]
  • Huángménjiān 黃門監 [Director of the Yellow Gates]
  • sànjí chángshì 散騎常侍 [Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary]
  • sànjí shìláng 散骑侍郎 [Cavalier Gentleman-in-Attendance]
  • zhōnghùjūn 中護軍 [Military Protector of the Palace]
  • zhōngshūlìng 中書令 [Secretariat Director]
  • fǔjūn dà jiàngjūn 撫軍大將軍 [Vice General-in-Chief]
  • yǒngníng shǔlìng 永寧署令 [Director of Empress Dowager’s Palace]
  • rǒngcóng púyè 冗從僕射 [Director of Imperial Attendants] short for 中宮黃門宂從僕射
  • guān’gé lìngshǐ 觀閣令史 [Foreman Clerk of Imperial Archives]
  • zhōngshū láng 中書郎 [Gentleman of the Palace Writers]
  • tàizǐ zhōng shùzǐ 太子中庶子 [Palace Cadet of the Heir Apparent]
  • shàngshū láng 尚書郎 [Gentleman of the Masters of Writing]
    • fǔjūn dà jiàngjūn 撫軍大將軍 [General-in-Chief Who Pacifies the Army]
    • zhèndōng dà jiàngjūn 鎮東大將軍 [General-in-Chief Who Guards the East]

Notes[]

  1. GJCM notes: we came up with, or compiled this translation ourselves. This is not an "official" translation by a historian.

Sources[]

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